Sostenibilidad del periurbano agrícola en el sur del Área Metropolitana Buenos Aires (AMBA) : Estudio de caso del cinturón hortícola en Florencio Varela
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2023-11-21
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En la región sur del Área Metropolitana Buenos Aires (AMBA), con centro en el periurbano de Florencia Varela y localidades vecinas, se localiza un importante núcleo productivo de alimentos ocupado por quintas o huertas familiares donde se producen principalmente hortalizas y otras producciones agrícolas (florícola, pecuaria, apícola) para el abastecimiento de las ciudades y el mercado interno nacional. Considerando el relevamiento de 82 predios productivos y quince estudios de caso, se realizaron encuestas semiestructuradas y observaciones a campo, y se elaboraron indicadores para un análisis de sustentabilidad de las distintas estrategias y los diferentes modelos productivos. Un modelo funcional del sistema fue desarrollado desde un diagnóstico participativo como marco interpretativo. Los resultados del análisis mostraron un modelo que sostiene la producción a costa de una fuerte inversión del capital humano (esquemas de mano de obra intensivos) y el descuido del mantenimiento del capital natural y sus servicios ecológicos, lo cual evidencia problemas que, desde el enfoque costo-beneficio, no habrían podido detectarse.
Sin embargo, el capital social que representan las organizaciones que nuclean a quienes se dedican a la agricultura familiar brinda una oportunidad para impulsar procesos innovadores y concertar soluciones en una gestión participativa e informada que acompañe las políticas públicas para el desarrollo del sector. Estas favorecen el mencionado enfoque para valorizar la agricultura familiar en los espacios agrícolas periurbanos y su contribución a la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria y promover sistemas de vida y de producción que preservan la biodiversidad y los procesos sostenibles de transformación productiva.
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At south of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA), focused in the peri-urban area of Florencia Varela and neighboring towns, an important food production nucleus is located, occupied by family farms where are produced foods, mainly vegetables and other agricultural productions. (floriculture, livestock, apiculture) for the supply of cities and the national domestic market. Based on a survey of 82 productive farms and 15 study cases, semi-structured surveys and field observations were carried out to develop indicators for an analysis of the sustainability of the different productive strategies and models. A functional model of the system based on a participatory diagnosis was developed as an interpretive framework. The results of the analysis showed a model that sustains production based of a strong investment of human capital (intensive labor schemes) and the neglect of the maintenance of natural capital and its ecological services, and show problems that cost-benefit approach could not have detected. However, the social capital represented by the organizations that bring together family farmers is an opportunity to promote innovative processes and agree solutions in a participatory and informed management involved with public policies for the development of the sector. Current trends in public policies promote this approach to enhance family farming in periurban agricultural spaces and its contribution to food security and sovereignty and to promote life systems and production models that preserve biodiversity and sustainable processes of productive transformation.
At south of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA), focused in the peri-urban area of Florencia Varela and neighboring towns, an important food production nucleus is located, occupied by family farms where are produced foods, mainly vegetables and other agricultural productions. (floriculture, livestock, apiculture) for the supply of cities and the national domestic market. Based on a survey of 82 productive farms and 15 study cases, semi-structured surveys and field observations were carried out to develop indicators for an analysis of the sustainability of the different productive strategies and models. A functional model of the system based on a participatory diagnosis was developed as an interpretive framework. The results of the analysis showed a model that sustains production based of a strong investment of human capital (intensive labor schemes) and the neglect of the maintenance of natural capital and its ecological services, and show problems that cost-benefit approach could not have detected. However, the social capital represented by the organizations that bring together family farmers is an opportunity to promote innovative processes and agree solutions in a participatory and informed management involved with public policies for the development of the sector. Current trends in public policies promote this approach to enhance family farming in periurban agricultural spaces and its contribution to food security and sovereignty and to promote life systems and production models that preserve biodiversity and sustainable processes of productive transformation.
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Periurbano, Agricultura familiar, Sostenibilidad, Gobernanza, Periurban, Family farming, Sustainability, Governance
Citación
Nugent, P., Tito, G., Vander Ploeg, A., Álvarez, L., Gervasio, L., Encina, A. y Prozman, N. (2023). Sostenibilidad del periurbano agrícola en el sur del Área Metropolitana Buenos Aires (AMBA): Estudio de caso del cinturón hortícola en Florencio Varela. Contribuciones de Ciencia y Tecnología, 1(1). https://rid.unaj.edu.ar/handle/123456789/2822