Empleo doméstico y Protección Social en América Latina : Los cambios producidos en materia legislativa a partir de la ratificación del Convenio N° 189 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en los países integrantes del Cono Sur (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay)
Fecha
2024-04-08
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Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Administración
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los cambios en materia legislativa respecto al trabajo doméstico, que se produjeron en países del Cono Sur (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay), luego de ratificar el Convenio N°189 de la OIT.
Se optó por una investigación cualitativa, realizando un análisis crítico de las normativas de los países elegidos. Para ello, se trabajó en la revisión y descripción de documentos normativos, como el Convenio Nº 189 de la OIT y las legislaciones vigentes luego de la ratificación del Convenio en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay.
Para poder llevar adelante el método comparativo entre países el trabajo se enfocó en comparar las siguientes dimensiones: jornada laboral, salario mínimo y protección a la maternidad.
En lo que respecta a los resultados obtenidos se corroboró que la adopción del Convenio 189 de la OIT ha propiciado la realización de reformas y el desarrollo de marcos regulatorios en pos de garantizar el Trabajo Decente para los/as trabajadores/as domésticos/as (OIT,2021). Por lo tanto, los cambios fueron más que significativos especialmente, en los países de Argentina, Chile y Paraguay.
Además, podemos afirmar que la feminización de este sector es consecuencia de la naturalización de los trabajos domésticos como femeninos, demostrado en nuestro análisis, dando como resultado un alto porcentaje de trabajadoras que supera el 90% en Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Paraguay. Asimismo, los cambios normativos se realizan en contextos donde la informalidad permanece de manera persistente alcanzando cifras alarmantes como el 94,90% en Paraguay. En este escenario, subyace la necesidad urgente de implementar estrategias para formalizar el sector y avanzar hacia un trabajo decente.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes in legislation on domestic work that took place in the Southern Cone countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay) after ratifying ILO Convention No. 189. We opted for a qualitative research, carrying out a critical analysis of the regulations of the chosen countries. To this end, we worked on the review and description of normative documents, such as ILO Convention No. 189 and the legislation in force after ratification of the Convention in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. In order to carry out the comparative method between countries, the work focused on comparing the following dimensions: working hours, minimum wage and maternity protection. With regard to the results obtained, it was corroborated that the adoption of ILO Convention 189 has led to reforms and the development of regulatory frameworks to guarantee Decent Work for domestic workers (ILO, 2021). Therefore, the changes were more than significant, especially in the countries of Argentina, Chile and Paraguay. Furthermore, we can affirm that the feminization of this sector is a consequence of the naturalization of domestic work as feminine, as demonstrated in our analysis, resulting in a high percentage of female workers that exceeds 90% in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Paraguay.Likewise, regulatory changes are made in contexts where informality persists in a persistent manner, reaching alarming figures such as 94.90% in Paraguay. In this scenario, there is an urgent need to implement strategies to formalize the sector and move towards decent work.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes in legislation on domestic work that took place in the Southern Cone countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay) after ratifying ILO Convention No. 189. We opted for a qualitative research, carrying out a critical analysis of the regulations of the chosen countries. To this end, we worked on the review and description of normative documents, such as ILO Convention No. 189 and the legislation in force after ratification of the Convention in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. In order to carry out the comparative method between countries, the work focused on comparing the following dimensions: working hours, minimum wage and maternity protection. With regard to the results obtained, it was corroborated that the adoption of ILO Convention 189 has led to reforms and the development of regulatory frameworks to guarantee Decent Work for domestic workers (ILO, 2021). Therefore, the changes were more than significant, especially in the countries of Argentina, Chile and Paraguay. Furthermore, we can affirm that the feminization of this sector is a consequence of the naturalization of domestic work as feminine, as demonstrated in our analysis, resulting in a high percentage of female workers that exceeds 90% in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Paraguay.Likewise, regulatory changes are made in contexts where informality persists in a persistent manner, reaching alarming figures such as 94.90% in Paraguay. In this scenario, there is an urgent need to implement strategies to formalize the sector and move towards decent work.
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Trabajo Doméstico, Género, Protección Social, Países del Cono-Sur, Trabajo Decente, Domestic Work, Gender, Social Protection, Southern Cone Countries, Decent Work
Citación
Nuñez, J. E. (2024). Empleo doméstico y Protección Social en América Latina : Los cambios producidos en materia legislativa a partir de la ratificación del Convenio N° 189 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en los países integrantes del Cono Sur [Trabajo final de grado, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche]. https://rid.unaj.edu.ar/handle/123456789/3246